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Mari kita mengenali Innovator/Pencipta Devices
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STAINLESS STEEL
Harry Brearley, who was born in Sheffield, England, in 1871, probably invented stainless steel. His father was a steel melter and through private study and night school he became an expert in the analysis of steel and its production. In 1908 Brearley was given the opportunity to set up the Brown Firth Laboratories, which was financed by the two leading Sheffield steel companies of the day. In 1912 Brearley was asked to help solve the problems being encountered by a small arms manufacturer, whereby the internal diameter of rifle barrels was eroding away too quickly because of the action of heating and discharge gases. Brearley was therefore looking for a steel with better resistance to erosion, not corrosion. As a line of investigation he decided to experiment with steels containing chromium, as these were known to have a higher melting point than ordinary steels.
Using first the crucible process, and then more successfully an electric furnace, a number of different melts of 6 to 15% chromium with varying carbon contents were made. The first true stainless steel was melted on the 13th August 1913. It contained 0.24% carbon and 12.8% chromium. At this time Brearley was still trying to find a more wear-resistant steel, and in order to examine the grain structure of the steel he needed to etch (attack with acid) samples before examining them under the microscope. The etching re-agents he used were based on nitric acid, and he found that this new steel strongly resisted chemical attack. He then exposed samples to vinegar and other food acids such as lemon juice and found the same result. At the time, table cutlery was silver or nickel plated. Cutting knives were made of carbon steel, which had to thoroughly washed and dried after use, and even then rust stains would have to be rubbed off using carborundum stones. Brearley immediately saw how this new steel could revolutionise the cutlery industry but he had great difficulty convincing his more conservative employers. On his own initiative, he than had knives made at a local cutler's, R.F. Mosley. To begin with, Brearley referred to his invention as "rustless steel". It was Ernest Stuart, the cutlery manager of Mosley's who first referred to the new knives as "stainless" after, in experiments, he had failed to stain them with vinegar. "Corrosion resisting" steel would be really the better term, as ordinary stainless steels do suffer corrosion in the long term in hostile environments. |
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EASTMAN, GEORGE
GeorgeEastman (1854-1932) was an American inventor who made many improvementsin photography. Eastman invented the dry plate method in 1879; this wasan improvement in the wet plate process photographic process). Hefounded the Eastman Dry Plate company in 1881, located in Rochester,New York. Eastman and William Walker invented flexible roll film in1882, eliminating the necessity of using cumbersome glass plates forphotography. Eastman produced the first simple, all-purpose,fixed-focus camera in 1888, which sold for $25.00; this was the firstKODAK Camera . By 1900, Eastman Kodak was producing a camera that costonly one dollar. Early cameras took round pictures. To get the filmdeveloped, the photographer had to send the entire camera to theRochester factory. The company name was changed to Eastman KodakCompany in 1892, and is still one of the largest photographic companiesin the world.
BAKELITE
Bakelite(also called catalin) is a plastic, a dense synthetic polymer (aphenolic resin) that was used to make jewelry, game pieces, engineparts, radio boxes, switches, and many, many other objects. Bakelitewas the first industrial thermoset plastic (a material that does notchange its shape after being mixed and heated). Bakelite plastic ismade from carbolic acid (phenol) and formaldehyde, which are mixed,heated, and then either molded or extruded into the desired shape.Bakelite was patented in 1907 by the Belgian-born American chemistLeo Hendrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 - February 23, 1944). TheNobel Prize winning German chemist Adolf von Baeyer had experimentedwith this material in 1872, but did not complete its development or seeits potential.
Baekeland operated the General Bakelite Company from 1911 to1939 (in Perth Amboy, N.J., USA), and produced up to about 200,000 tonsof Bakelite annually. Bakelite replaced the very flammable celluloidplastic that had been so popular. The bracelet above is made of"butterscotch" bakelite.
bile nampak 2 nama kat atas nih yg di paste oleh other forumers, tibe2 teringat lak something relate antara diorang dua. george eastman yg glamer dan hebat tuh sebenarnye penah ditipu indirectly oleh baekeland. dulu baekeland ada invent teknologi yg kodak berminat nak beli. baekeland jual la ngan harga sejuta kalo tak silap. then bile kodak nak pakai tak bley. so diorang tak puas ati dan komplen kat baekeland. baekeland jawab la duit yg diorang bayar sebelum nih tuh harga barangan jek. kalo nak tau cara pakai kene bayar lagi sejuta. terpaksa la encik kodak nih bayar lagi  |
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nih kira pengetahuan am jugak lah ..
Fuzzy Logik di cipta oleh Lotfi Zadeh . Mamat ni Iranian tp dah jd PR USA. Skrg serve as lecturer.
camne nak bg cth yer? balik nnt korg tengok lah barang2 letrik kat rumah..antaranya mesin basuh peti ais ...
ok ... |
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WHO INVENTED TOOTHBRUSH????
The toothbrush as we know it today was not invented until 1938. However, early forms of the toothbrush have been in existence since 3000 BC. Ancient civilizations used a ...
chemist_UTM Post at 8-1-2007 09:31 
Laaaa ingatkan Oral-B!
ANYWAY GOOd luck! |
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Satu portal sains telah diwujudkan memuatkan rencana seperti tokoh sains, teknologi, bicara saintis, sains islam, sejarah sains dan apa sahaja mengenai sains..
Kunjungi www.majalahsains.com |
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Robest Yong, the 1994 National Inventor's Award winner, has not only won medals but has created a highly successful business from inventions. His best-known invention and biggest money-maker is the instant rubber-stamp machine. The instant rubber-stamp machine won a gold medal at the Geneva competition in 1994. It's an ingenious machine that simplifies the making of rubber stamps using polyclone.
"It takes three days to a week to make a rubber stamp. That's a troublesome, time-consuming method and it's a dying trade," says Yong, 38, of Taman Seputeh, Kuala Lumpur. His invention can churn out a rubber stamp in 10 minutes! The material for
the stamp is not natural rubber but polyclone, a polymer which looks like transparent rubber. The machine is marketed locally and internationally in countries such as Russia, Japan, the United States and in Africa. Yong's machine went international almost mmediately after it won the gold medal; he was approached by product scouts looking for distribution rights almost immediately after the competition in Switzerland.
Yong, now a director of Prodigious Innovations Sdn Bhd, has kept that momentum going by promoting his invention at trade shows in Taiwan, Japan and Britain in order to explore new markets and appoint dealers. But, like the others, Yong started relatively small. He spent little on manufacturing his prototypes and sold the first five units, one at a time,
locally. He could manage such a small volume because production costs were down.
"Some inventors have good products but can't produce their inventions owing to high costs," he points out.
To those who haven't much luck in marketing their inventions, Yong advises: "If a product is good, people don't mind investing in it."
Inventors, he says, should try to weather the storm of sceptical comments, forge ahead and keep on inventing. |
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Category: Belia & Informasi
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Post time 24-3-2007 06:06 PM
Thefirst non-leaking ballpoint pen was invented in 1935 by the Hungarianbrothers Lazlo and Georg Biro. Lazlo was a c ... 
