|
|
[Dunia]
Tragedi di Mina: Selepas stampede kini khemah jemaah pula yg terbakar #404
[Copy link]
|
|
|
ohhh ade waktu afdal nye ye
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ayahnda tuan memang kuat semangat nya . I cant imagine kalau pergi sengsorang ...tapi itu lah rahmat allah . akan allah datangkan insan insan perihatin untuk membantu beliau .
dalam jemaah saya ada seorang pak cik yg kadang kadang "lupa lupa" .to make things worst dia pergi bersendirian .acapkali juga dia tersasul ke maktab lain . dan selepas kami penat mencarinya tiba tiba dia muncul selepas dihantar oleh jemaah yg perihatin.
begitu kronik penyakit lupa beliau sehingga kami sebilik bergilir membasuhkan baju beliau ... selepas wuquf dan selesai urusan tawaf dan saie haji . Tabung haji book flight pertama untuk dia balik Malaysia .
beruntunglah kalau kita yg masih kuat kederat ni dapat panggilan haji. dan jangan lupa bersedekah dengan menolong jemaah yg kurang upaya ...hatta dengan menolong mengangkat beg mereka sahaja pun... wallah huallam...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mungkin juga Ai... wallah huallam..
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
kemaruk replied at 25-9-2015 04:45 AM
laaaa
dah kalah, buat ayat camni pulak
Sis....ko ni mcm budak2...bila bertekak ada menang kalah yer....ko nangis ker akak hencap ko sis...ngadu kat moyang ker? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nolya replied at 25-9-2015 01:08 PM
Kita bukan dlm pertandingan beradu kata harus ada kalah menangnya. Seharusnya skr gi masjid solat ...
solat apa sis..kan bang kem ngaku beliau atheist....dah tinggalkan Islam |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
betul tu tuan...
ibunda saya yg pergi...
terima kasih atas peringatan
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
kang akak lu balik dia lontar lu...mesti on target nyer...
mampos sekor ahli keluarga setan..
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Modngengade replied at 25-9-2015 02:51 PM
Sis....ko ni mcm budak2...bila bertekak ada menang kalah yer....ko nangis ker akak hencap ko sis.. ...
ayat dah kalah..
2 juta org tuuuuu
nak tunjuk pandai rupanya tunjuk bodo
kertu macam ko layak duduk rumah org tua je |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mak pak lu kat rumah org tua ka..?
bodoh la mak pak lu...ada anak kluar islam..ada rumah kena halau dgn si anak murtad pulak..
mesti masa main projek lu dulu mak pak lu belum nikah..
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bukak mata luas2 dekkkkkk!!!!!!
Authorities in Saudi Arabia say at least 150 people have been killed in a crush at Mina, outside the holy city of Mecca, where two million people are performing the annual hajj pilgrimage.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
atheist mcm dia cuma mampu menyalak dlm tered jer la lava......ni kerabat alvin tan ni
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hahaha.....tu yg dia rasa terancam tu....sebab adik beradik dan kaum kerabat dia kena rejam kat Mina....
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dgn wa mana dia berani melalak...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ko cepuk jer dia va....padan muka....
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bahlol tu nak tunjuk setan kat sini konon....wa lempang..mampos terus setan dia..
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dia mai je memang wa cepuk terus...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Al-fatihah. Tak payah la persoalkan dorg tu mati syahid ke mati katak ke..yg kita ni xtau lagi mati mcm mana. Harap2 makcik pakcik dalam porem yg mulut macam lahanat tak mati kena pijak dgn pak hitam masa pegi haji nanti (kalau dijemput Allah la) atau kena hempuk bangunan masa tgh berporem. Nauzubillahhh SIS!! *Sis kehulu sis kehilir meluat aku |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
aku tengok perangai ko lagi dasyat dari terroris sis....opsssss.....takutnyer.....
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actually it has nothing to do with Islam. It is that there is something wrong with those people. And if you have been to Mekah ten times like I have, then you will know what I mean. The people from the Middle East, Africa, the Indian continent, etc., are just too rough, aggressive, rude, and quarrelsome — they like to argue and fight.
NO HOLDS BARRED
Raja Petra Kamarudin
I have been to Mekah ten times thus far, twice to perform the Haj, so I understand perfectly well the conditions there. When you congregate two or three million people in one place, crowd control becomes a problem.
Just to digress a bit, even 500,000 is a huge crowd. If you get a helicopter view of what 500,000 people in a crowd looks like, it is hard to imagine that the Bersih rally attracted 500,000 people as they claim. I mean, have you seen what a crowd of 500,000 looks like?
Anyway, the problem with the recent tragedy in Mina where more than 700 are reported to have died and almost 900 injured — which means the death toll may increase since some of those injured are quite critical — is not due to the size of the crowd but because of the attitude of those people.
I was there in 1990 when more than 1,400 were crushed and died in the tunnel in Mina — with many more injured, some quite serious. I have also seen people stepped on and crushed in some of those other trips I made there as well.
In fact, I was once caught in such a crush myself. I thought I was going to die so I tried to climb above the crowd. But what happened in the end was my feet could no longer touch the ground so I was carried by the crowd and for about fifteen minutes I fought just to be able to breath.
I ended up very far from where I started and from that day on I never dared enter the mosque for Friday prayers. I prayed outside the mosque, and when the crowd became too big and unruly outside the mosque as well, I prayed in the hotel lobby.
Anyway, the crowd stretched from the hotel lobby all the way to the mosque so I could not have reached the mosque even if I wanted to. I once tried entering the mosque at 10.00am, three hours before the start of the prayers, but by 1.00pm the crowd got so large that I still got crushed.
In one incident a Pakistani kicked me and told me to get out so that he could take my spot. I meekly got up and walked away and some Iranians who saw the incident waved me over and made space for me. So I sat down amongst the large Iranian crowd who offered me ‘protection’ from those rude Pakistanis who probably thought I was Iranian. In fact, the Iranians spoke Parsi to me because they, too, thought I was Iranian.
But they were still nice to me even though I told them I was Malaysian. They even invited me for lunch but I politely declined since most of them were Iran-Iraq war veterans and I did not want to end up getting embroiled in Middle Eastern politics (they were chanting anti-US rhetoric).
Actually, people die every year in stampedes during the Haj. Maybe the 1990 incident and yesterday’s incident were the more serious of the many. But every year people die in crushes and stampedes. It is only not reported until the death toll exceeds 100.
If you have been to Mekah ten times like I have, you will know that it is the attitude of the people that causes these tragedies. Pilgrims from South East Asia, such as those from Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, etc., are okay. It is those Arabs, Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Africans and so on who are the problem. They are rough, aggressive, rude, and quarrelsome. They just like conflict.
When we from South East Asia face the aggressive Arabs, Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Africans, etc., we back down. When they push we give way and do not push back. The Arabs, Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Africans, etc., when pushed, do not back down or give way. They push back and people fall down and get stepped on. Then the crowd breaks out into panic and starts to stampede and more people fall down and get stepped on.
They lock arms and bulldoze their way through the crowd as if it was a rugby scrum. If you happen to be standing in their way you will get knocked and if not careful you will fall down and they will step on you. So you do not fight back. You quickly step aside and let them pass.
It is no coincidence that amongst the 1,500 or so victims of yesterday’s stampede there were no Malaysians (at least at the time I write this article there are no reports of Malaysian victims). This is because while the ‘others’ come out to ‘stone the devil’ around noon, Malaysians come out in the evening when the crowd has thinned.
This was what Tabung Haji advised us so if there were any Malaysian victims this can only mean they were stubborn and did not listen to Tabung Haji’s advice. In 1990, there were some Malaysians amongst the 1,400 who died and this is because they ignored Tabung Haji’s advice.
Sometimes when you look at the problems in the Middle East, Africa, the Indian continent (Pakistan and Bangladesh included), in particular regarding the violence, you get an impression that this all has to do with Islam and hence there must be something wrong with the religion.
Actually it has nothing to do with Islam. It is that there is something wrong with those people. And if you have been to Mekah ten times like I have, then you will know what I mean. The people from the Middle East, Africa, the Indian continent, etc., are just too rough, aggressive, rude, and quarrelsome — they like to argue and fight.
They push and knock you down and step on you. And that is why people die during the pilgrimage every year. If they could only be a bit more courteous and polite, disasters could be avoided. But being nice does not appear to be the nature of the beast to these people. And they make Muslims appear uncivilised due to this. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MECCA IS THE holiest city in Islam, the storied site of key locations from the Quran and, once a year, center of the hajj, a sacred pilgrimage that brings upwards of 3 million people to Saudi Arabia from all over the world. This week Mecca was also the site of a tragedy—nearly 800 people killed in a stampede in Mina, the semi-permanent tent city that houses tens of thousands of pilgrims. It wasn’t the first time something like this has happened during the hajj, and just as before, the causes remain the same: physics and evolutionary psychology.
This isn’t a new problem. One of the first documented human stampedes happened in 1896, at the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II outside Moscow; 1,000 people died after rumors spread that the concession stands were running out of souvenirs. They’ve happened at mass religious gatherings in India, football games in Europe, rock concerts in the US. One epidemiological study found 215 stampede events between 1980 and 2007.
The hajj, site of Thursday’s tragedy, has for decades been particularly deadly. As the numbers of pilgrims have risen, so too have the mass casualty events. In the 100 years before 2009, five of the 10 deadliest human stampede events happened in the Mina Valley.
After one in 2006, Saudi authorities instituted single-direction pathways, visitor counts, and theme park-like scheduling of visits. The Jamarat Bridge, location of three pillars that represent the devil, at which pilgrims are supposed to throw stones, was the site of a stampede that killed over 1,000 people; today it’s a multi-level, multi-exit complex designed to keep people moving. In the past decade or so, the Saudi government has worked with a wide variety of architects and designers, including the famed international firm Gensler, to improve flow and safety at all of the hajj’s major sites, from the central mosque to the tent city.
Put that many people in so confined a space, though, and preventing stampedes will always be a challenge. Part of the problem is fluid dynamics—except people are the fluid.
Panic Mode
The problem starts with either a “craze,” in which people are all trying to get to a destination, or “escape panic,” in which they’re all trying to get away. In both cases, movement is unidirectional, as in, everyone is trying to move in the same direction. Unidirectional flows typically aren’t much of a problem until they encounter an obstacle—a narrow door, let’s say, or a tight turn.
The other option, “turbulent,” is when people are trying to get to a bunch of different places at once, or when crowds moving in two different directions collide. Reports from Mina suggest that’s what happened here—crowds were moving along two different streets in the tent city and ran into each other at a bottlenecked intersection.
Both modes can be deadly under stampede conditions. Six to seven people pushing continuously in a single direction have, in some cases, exerted enough force to bend steel railings. Researchers have hypothesized that during turbulent stampedes the forces are actually lower, because the multiple vectors—which is to say, people pushing in all different directions—cancel each other out.
On the other hand, if all those vectors are pushing inward … well, cause of death in stampedes tends to be either crush trauma from being trampled or asphyxiation. Autopsies of people who suffocated in stampedes show pressures as high as 6.4 psi exerted on the chest—that’s nearly half an atmosphere. Some people have died where they stood, trapped against other people until the pressure released. It’s a bad, bad way to go.
Reports from Mina suggest crowds were moving along two different streets in the tent city and ran into each other at a bottlenecked intersection.
“Densities get so high that there’s just one body next to each other, and any little movement creates a force exerted on adjacent bodies,” says Dirk Helbing, a computational social scientist who studies crowd dynamics at ETH Zurich. (Helbing was involved in early work on the Jamarat Bridge, but hasn’t been directly involved with Mecca for years.) “You’re exposed to this random pushing. As a result you might lose your balance and fall to the ground, and what happens is a hole opens up in the crowd. Those standing around it lack counterforce, and they fall on top of the person.”
That event then propagates outward, though not evenly in every direction. According to Helbing’s model, pedestrians are essentially just trying to avoid obstacles—including other pedestrians—while making their way to a given destination as quickly as possible. At low densities, which is to say no crowds, you get laminar flow, as smooth as a flat-bottomed, fast moving river.
As density goes up, the number of times an individual pedestrian has to slow down or stop outright goes up, too—which forces all the pedestrians trying to get around that person to do the same. Stop-and-go waves start to propagate outward from each choke point.
Pretty soon all the slick avoidance moves everyone has been making switch to unintentional ones. The classic coordinated moves that crowd dynamics researchers recognize from sidewalks, like spontaneous organization into directional lanes and platooning according to walking speed, break down. Order flips to chaos. That’s turbulence.
The critical density for when a crowd goes critical varies according to average body size and weight of the people involved, Helbing says, but it’s usually somewhere between five and 10 people per square meter.
Social Animals
But why are people so vulnerable to catastrophe when crowds get thick enough? Other creatures, from anchovies to slime molds to starlings, manage to pull off dazzling feats of coordination when they’re crowded together. In fact many of those collectives share similar mathematical characteristics, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Princeton who studies collective behavior.
“When we see a coordinated bird flock or fish school, these things have evolved to do this,” Couzin says. “Unfortunately, we have not. We’ve evolved to be in small family groups.”
More and more, human beings live in crowded cities. But the human brain may not have quite caught up to what it built. “We don’t know how to behave in these scenarios,” Couzin says. “These situations do not allow us to naturally feel that we can understand what’s going on.”
That’s not to say that under certain circumstances human beings won’t engage in classic collective behavior. People do—they follow leaders, for example, or make any of those classic pedestrian moves that Helbing studies. But the kinds of sets of small, simple rules that lead to spontaneously self-organized flocking just don’t kick in. “Not all the time, but most often it’s about the spread of panic, not an actually dangerous environment,” Couzin says. “The response creates the danger. The strong collective response is a very dangerous thing in certain circumstances.”
That’s the lesson the organizers of the hajj have been trying to unpack. This week they learned they hadn’t—and that they have to keep trying. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Post time 25-9-2015 02:03 PM
![[Disney+ 2024] LIGHT SHOP - Ju Ji Hoon, Park Bo Young, Bae Sung Woo, Uhm Tae Goo, Lee Jung Eun ~ 4 December 2024](https://uf.cari.com.my/forumx/mforum/forum/202410/14/214142ggfz62fgna29y7zn.jpg)
