|| D-DAY 6th JUNE 1944:OPERATION OVERLORD ||

alphawolf

Mungkin tidak.....sebab allies tak sepakat untuk hanya terima penyerahan tanpa syarat jerman....lagipun Jerman hadapi masalah kekurangan bahan mentah.

katakpuruz

Salam...
Korang tahu tak apa maksud `D' pada D-DAY?Bagi sesetengah pendapat mengatakan D-DAY bermaksud DOOMS DAY..

1. The Meaning of the "D"
   
2. Ever since June 6, 1944, people have been asking what the "D" in "D-Day" means. Does it stand for "decision?" The day that 150,000 Allied soldiers landed on the shores of Normandy was certainly decisive. And with ships, landing craft and planes leaving port by the tens of thousands for a hostile shore, it is no wonder that some would call it "disembarkation" or "departed."
   
3. 
   
4. There is not much agreement on the issue. But the most ordinary and likely of explanations is the one offered by the U.S. Army in their published manuals. The Army began using the codes "H-hour" and "D-day" during World War I to indicate the time or date of an operation's start. Military planners would write of events planned to occur on "H-hour" or "D-day" -- long before the actual dates and times of the operations would be known, or in order to keep plans secret. And so the "D" may simply refer to the "day" of invasion.

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thamrong

Overlord Battle Theater

Operation Overlord adalah operasi tentra berikat(allied forces British/American) untuk mendarat ke benua Europah. Sungguh pon di waktu itu semenanjung Italy sudah hampir ditakluk semula( Allied forces sudah sampai pada pintu bandaraya Roma)tetapi di anggap sukar untuk terus mara keBerlin kerana pergunungan Alps di Austria. Ramai menganggap Overlord adalah bertujuan untuk membebaskan France tetapi objektiv utama ialah untuk terus mara keBerlin sebelum Red Army dapat maju kesana.Ini disusuli dengan Operation Market Gardern di Holland yang gagal dan padah. Mengikut teori kalau tentera berikat lambat mara munkin tentera merah dapat terus mara keWestern Seaboard dan seluruh Europah( Germany, France dan Low countries i.e. Holland Denmark dan Belgium)terletak dibawah naungan Soviet Union. Britian dan Amerika akan tersisih.


Overlord bermula tepat 15 min selepas tengah malam June 6, 1944- bermula hari yang digelar D-Day. Saat itu satu pasukan yang khusus dipilih dari American 101st dan 82nd Airbourne Division terjun keluar dari pesawat-pesawat, di bawah sinaran purnama, mendarat di Normandy. Lima minit kemudian, lima puluh batu dari sasaran itu. satu kumpulan kecil dari British 6th Airbourne Division terjun dari pesawat untuk mendarat. Kumpulan ini terkenal dengan panggilan 'the pathfinders', mereka ditugaskan untuk menerangkan medan-medan penderatan dengan api untuk menyambut ketibaan paratroopers dan glider-bourne infantry yang akan menyusul.

Lokasi-lokasi pendaratan paratrooper ini menandakan ruang medan perang Normandy. Di antara jarak tapak terjun, dipantai Pranchis, letaknya pantai pendaratan Operation Overlord: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno dan Sword. Semalaman hingga kesubuh senasa paratrooper-paratrooper ini berhadapan dengan tentera Nazi, satu armada telah berhimpun di persisiran pantai pendarantan tersebut- lebeh dari 5000 kapal berserta dengan lebeh kurang 200,000 askar, kelasi dan marin. Tepat 6.30 pagi, bemula dengan serangan naval bombardment dan udara, beribu-ribu tentera memulakan pendaratan di benua Europah. Pedaratan besar-besaran ini sungguh dramatik dan di hayati dalam movies saperti 'The Longest Day' dan 'Save Private Ryan'. :hmm::hmm:

[ Last edited by  thamrong at 27-11-2006 11:44 PM ]

thamrong

TQ Bro

sila banyak tunjuk ajar saya  

Anytime!

thamrong

"Believe me, Lang, the first twenty-four hours of the invasion will be decisive.....the fate of Germany depends on the outcome....for the Allies, as well as Germany, it will be the longest day."

Field-Marshal Erwin Rommel to his aide, April 22nd, 1944.

I think Topeng is right....

katakpuruz

German Soldier Franz Gockel

1. The heavy naval guns fired salvo after salvo into our positions. In the beginnings, the ships lay at twenty kilometers, but the range slowly decreased. With unbelieving eyes we could recognize individual landing craft. The hail of shells falling upon us grew heavier, sending fountains of sand and debris into the air. The mined obstacles in the water were partly destroyed.
   
2. 
   
3. The morning dawn over the approaching landing fleet exhibited for us approaching doom. Bombs and heavy-caliber shells continued to slam into the earth, tossing tangles of barbed wire, obstacles, and dirt into the air. The fight for survival began. The explosions of naval gunfire became mixed with rapid-fire weapons. I attempted to seek shelter under my machine-gun position.
   
4. 
   
5. Our weapons were preset on defensive fire zones, thus we could only wait. It appeared that the enemy would land in the approximate center of the beach. We had planned that he should land at high tide to drive the boats over the open beach, but this was low tide. The waterline was three hundred meters distant.
   
6. 
   
7. Surprisingly, we had not suffered heavy casualties. We used every available minute to contact one another throughout the rain of shells, and although we saw no possibility to escape from this chaos, we clung desperately to every minute won.
   
8. 
   
9. Suddenly the rain of shells ceased, but only for a very short time. Again it came. Slowly the wall of explosions approached, meter by meter, worse than before -- a deafening torrent -- cracking, screaming, whistling, and sizzling, destroying everything in its path. There was no escape, and I crouched helplessly behind my weapon. I prayed for survival and my fear passed. Suddenly it was silent again.
   
10. 
    
11. There were six of us in the position, and still no one was wounded. A comrade stumbled out of the smoke and dust into my position and screamed, "Franz, watch out! They're coming."

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thamrong

Ada 2 protagonist  yang wajar disebut disaat tentera Allied melanggar pantai Pranchis pada 6 haribulan June,1944. Mereka  adalah orang kerpecayaan Hitler untuk pertahanan pantai Pranchis dengan konsep yang di panggil " the Atlantic Wall". Di medan ni juga Rommel sekali lagi bertembung dengan nemesisnya di Battle of Alamein, Field-Marshal Montgomery yang kini   Commander of the Allied Invasion forces.




Field-Marshal Von Rundsted- Commander-in-Chief OB West (Oberbefehlshaber West)(born: Dec. 12, 1875, died: Feb. 24, 1953)  Because of his age, Rundstedt retired in 1938 only to return to active duty in 1939 at the outbreak of World War II.  He was the commander of the armies that invaded southern Poland.  After success in the invasion of France in spring of 1940, he earned the title of marshal of the Reich.  In 1941, he commanded the armies of the south in the invasion of the USSR and was stopped at Rostov by Soviet Marshal Timoshenko.  During the D-Day invasions of June 1944, Rundstedt was German supreme commander in western Europe.  In September he launched the Battle of the Bulge and facing imminent defeat, he retired in March 1945.

Rundstedt was captured by U.S. troops at Bad Tolz in May 1945 and held by the British for war-crimes.  Because of poor health, he was released in May 1949 and died in Hannover, on Feb. 24, 1953.



Field-Marshal Erwin Rommel Commander-in -Chief Army Froup B(born: Nov. 15, 1891, died: Oct. 14, 1944)
During the invasion of France in 1940, Rommel commanded the 7th Panzer Division.  In 1941, he was given the command of the German troops in Libya.  On June 21, 1942, Rommel was promoted to field marshal after his success against the British in North Africa.  Despite initial successes, he was unable to capture Alexandria in Egypt and was eventually defeated at El Alamein by the British Eighth Army under the command of General Montgomery during November 1942.  After the battle of Medenine on March 5, 1943, he returned to Germany because of ill health.

In July, Hitler gave Rommel command of Army Group B in northern Italy.  In November, he was ordered to oversee the coastal defense in the west.  In January 1944, he was commander in chief of all German armies from the Netherlands to the Loire River.  On July 17, 1944, he was severely wounded from allied aircraft while traveling near Livarot and returned to his home in Germany to recuperate.

While on leave, Rommel was implicated in the July 20th plot to assassinate Hitler.  On Oct. 14, 1944, two German generals investigating the case, visited Rommel and gave him the choice between taking poison or facing a trial by the People's Court.  He chose to take the poison and died in the generals' automobile near Ulm, Germany on Oct. 14, 1944.  Hitler gave Rommel a hero's funeral and publicized his death as the result of wounds received in the earlier air attack.

alphawolf

During D-Day, which Rommel called 'the longest day'...he was not at his HQ. He was back in Germany visiting his family.

huskers

just imagine if hitler had allowed rommel the total freedom to run the show and use all the 6 panzer division then the story of d-day might have been far different.

poor hitler still believed that the invasion would have come from the narrowest part of the straits and into the pas de calais area.

eventhen, the breakout from the hedgegrows area costs the US 1st army almost 40,000 casualties showing the germans are stil capable of fighting back ferociously.

katakpuruz

Erwin Rommel

1. Erwin Rommel was born in Heidenheim, Germany, on 15th November, 1891. He wanted to study engineering but his father disapproved so in 1910 he joined the German Army.
   
2. 
   
3. By the outbreak of the First World War Rommel had reached the rank of lieutenant. He fought on the Western Front and in January 1915 won the Iron Cross.
   
4. 
   
5. In 1917 Rommel served on the Italian Front and after leading the attack on Monte Matajur, was promoted to captain. Soon afterwards Rommel and a small group of men swam the Piave River in order to capture the Italian garrison at Lognaroni.
   
6. 
   
7. After the war Rommel remained in the German Army and in 1929 he was appointed an instructor at the Infantry School in Dresden. In October 1935 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and began teaching at the Potsdam War Academy.
   
8. 
   
9. An excellent teacher, Rommel's lectures were published as a book on infantry tactics in 1937. The book was read by Adolf Hitler. Greatly impressed by Rommel's ideas Hitler arranged for him to command his HQ staff in Austria and Czechoslovakia. The following year he did the same job in Poland.
   
10. 
    
11. Rommel was given command of the 7th Panzer Division that invaded France in May, 1940. Rommel's troops moved faster and farther than any other army in military history. After reaching the Channel he turned south and raced along the coast until he reached the Spanish border.
    
12. 
    
13. As a result of his exploits in France he was promoted to the rank of general. When Benito Mussolini asked for help in North Africa Adolf Hitler sent Rommel to command the new Deutsches Afrika Korps and successfully drove the British 8th Army out of Libya. He moved into Egypt but was defeated at El Alamein. With the USA Army landing in Morocco and Algeria, his troops were forced to leave Tunisia.
    
14. 
    
15. In the early months 1944 Rommel was approached by Ludwig Beck and Carl Goerdeler about joining the July Plot. Rommel refused, criticising the tactic of assassination claiming that it would turn Adolf Hitler into a martyr. Instead he suggested that he should be arrested and brought to trial.
    
16. 
    
17. Rommel was now sent to head the German Army in France that was preparing for the Allied invasion. Unable to halt the Allied troops during Operation Overlord, on 15th July, 1944, Rommel warned Hitler that Germany was on the verge of defeat and encouraged him to bring the war to an end.
    
18. 
    
19. In the summer of 1944 Rommel was approached about joining the July Plot. He refused, criticising the tactic of assassination claiming that it would turn Adolf Hitler into a martyr. Instead he suggested that he should be arrested and brought to trial.
    
20. 
    
21. In the autumn of 1944 Hitler discovered that Rommel was plotting against him. On 14th October, 1944, Rommel was visited by two generals who had been sent by Hitler with an ultimatum: suicide with a state funeral and protection for his family and staff, or trial for high treason. Erwin Rommel took poison and officially it was stated that he had died of a brain seizure.

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katakpuruz

Erwin Rommel

katakpuruz

Diantara senjata yang digunakan semasa D-DAY.

M1  "Garand Rifle"
Adopted by the Army in 1936 this .30 inch semi-automatic was the most popular among the men.  It fired at a decidedly higer rate than any traditional bolt action rifle.  The Garand overpowered the Germans with speed, and with simpliciy- due to its ruggedness and capability to be quickly disassembled and cleaned.  Some of the problems it encountered were that its clip only held 8 rounds and the clip automatically ejected when emptied, this made a sound that was distinctive and could be heard easily in close combat.



Sprinfield .30 inch rifle
The Springfield was a single bolt action rilfle and had been phased out of service in 1936.  However when a scope was  attached the Springfield became a deadly sniper's rifle capable of neutralizing targets at a range of 550-600 yards.  The Springfield was used primarily in this role, but the vast majority of G.I's preferred the higher rate of fire provided by the M1



Browning Automatic Rifle
During the invasion the need for a light machine gun was met by the Browning Automatic Rifle , or BAR as it was commonly known.  The model used was a variation of the 1918A1 model that was used in WWI.  It was popular with American forces during WWII because of its combination of rapid fire, penetrating power and reliability.The only major drawback was that it lacked a quick change barrel to reduce overheating.

alphawolf

Hobart's Funnies - the vehicles that made it possible to reconquer Europe

Crab - mine clearing tank. The flails at the end of the rotating drum detonate mines, clearing a path for tanks, vehicles and men. The usual platform is the Sherman tank.


Churchill AVRE - baseline combat engineer vehicle. Armed with a 290mm mortar to clear obrtacles.


Churchill Bobbin - lays down a canvas carpet over soft sands to avoid vehicles being bogged down. Temporary measure until a more durable steel planks are laid in place.


Churchill Fascine - lays down a bundle of wood into a ditch to create instant crossing. The tank can operate normally after the bundle has been dropped.


Sherman DD - DD stands for Duplex Drive. Allows the Sherman tank to 'swim' ashore, providing immediate fire cover to troops.


Sherman Deep Wading - similar in concept, but allows the tank to drive on the sea floor (up to the extended exhausts)


Churchill ARK - bridge tank.


Churchill Crocodile - 'regular' Churchill tank with its hull MG replaced by a flamethrower. Towed a trailer carrying fuel for the weapon.


Churchill oNION - the frame in front of the tank is used to carry explosives. The explosive would be placed upon an obstacle and the tank retreated to safe distance before detonating the charges.

katakpuruz

Design Tank Sherman DD telah gagal...Ia tak mampu untuk terapung atas permukaan laut...banyak yang tenggelam...kalau tidak, mungkin tak ramai yang terkorban kat Omaha Beach..

katakpuruz

Ditambah dengan faktor laut yang bergelora....dan, Obstacle yang ada kat tepi pantai Omaha..

alphawolf

Konsep tu tak gagal...tapi beberapa DD dilepaskan terlalu jauh dari pantai...kena pula laut agak bergelora waktu itu. Selain itu, pihak US juga agak enggan nak gunakan 'Hobart's Funnies' sebab....mungkin sebab bukan 'Made In USA?' Dikatakan ini antara sebab kenapa kemalangan jiwa US di Omaha Beach agak tinggi.

DD digunakan semula apabila Allies hendak menyeberangi Sungai Rhine.

thamrong

101st Airbourne Division di Normandy



Pada tanggal   September 5, 1943,  101st Airborne Division berlayar  dari New York ke England. Latihan lanjutan bemula di bumi England dan diletakkan di bawah kuasa  Major General Maxwell Taylor sejurus  General Lee mendapat sakit jantung.
Dalam Operation Overlord, 101st Airborne Division di tugaskan untuk menjayakan  objektiv-objektive berikut:

Menawan empat jalan utama ke Utah Beach
Memusnah peralatan komunikasi  German  
Mendirikan 'roadblocks' untuk membantut perjalanan  German
Menawan Sainte-Come-du-Mont
Memusnahkan meriam-merian pantai dan juga yang ada di  Saint-Germain-de-Varreville  
Menawan dan memusnah jembatan-jembatan yang menghubung  Carentan,, juga yang merentangi sungai Douve  
Mara  ke Highway 13 di Les Forges
Membuat hubungan dengan  82nd Airborne
Menawan lembah sungai Douve  

Pathfinders(sila rujuk posting # 23 ) dari  101st mendarat di Normandy sejurus selepas tengah malam pada  June 6th, 1944. Di anggkut dengan 11 pesawat C-47, pasukan ini di tugaskan menanda tiga sasar terjun (drop zone)  untuk tiga lagi regiment 101st Airbourne Division.
Tiga regiments 101st di gugurkan berhampiran dengan Utah Beach di awal pagi June 6th, satu jam selepas mendaratnya  pathfinders. 6,789 paratrooper  101st di bawa dengan 432 C-47's,  38 pesawat dalam kumpulan ini musnah atau hilang. Kebanyakan  paratrooper mendarat  jauh dari sasaran, walau macam mana pun sempat di kumpulkan mengikut  pasukan masing-masing untuk menyempurna objektiv-objektiv yang diarah.
Akhir hari pertama  Utah Beach dapat di tawan dan 4th Infantry Division berhasil membuat kontek dengan  paratrooper 101st dan 82nd . 101st kemudian di arah untuk membuat hubungan dan membantu pasukan-pasukan  yang terperangkap di Omaha Beach, Mereka berjuang dengan besungguh-sungguh melalui St. Come du Mont, Carentan and Rouxeville, sehinggahe dapat membuat perhubungan  dengan e 29th Infantry Division,lantaran semua pasukan pendarat di Utah dan di Omaha dapat di satukan.  101st terus berjuang di bumi  France hingga penamat bulan July dan di undurkan untuk persiapan menawan Holland dalam operasi Market Garden.

alphawolf

Pendaratan udara di Normandy, walaupun berjaya tetapi berlangsung dalam keadaan yang agak kucar-kacir. Dalam buku The Longest Day, ada dinyatakan bahwa
1. Anggota 82nd Airborne diarahkan pegawai 101st Airborne dan sebaliknya.
2. Dalam satu grup askar para, terdapat lebih ramai pegawai daripada anggota LLP.
3. Ada yang mendarat jauh dari sasaran.

Bagaimanapun keadaan kucar-kacir tersebut lebih memeningkan pihak Jerman dan memudahlan pihak Bersekutu mencapai objektif mereka.

thamrong

Panzer Division adalah di bawah kuasa Hitller. Lambat di gerakan kerana tiada sesiape pun pembantu Hitler yang sanggup mengerakkan Hitler yang waktu itu sedang tidur. A very costly price the german has to pay.:jeling::jeling:

thamrong

101st Airboure D-Day Order of Battle

501st Parachute Infantry Regiment
1st Battalion
2nd Battalion
3rd Battalion

502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment
1st Battalion
2nd Battalion?
3rd Battalion

506th Parachute Infantry Regiment
1st Battalion
2nd Battalion
3rd Battalion

327th Glider Infantry Regiment
401st Glider Infantry Regiment
321st Glider Field Artillery Battalion
907th Glider Field Artillery Battalion
377th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion

81st Airborne Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
Battery A
Battery B
Battery C?
Battery D
Battery E
Battery F

101st Airborne Signal Company
801st Airborne Ordnance Company
426th Airborne Quartermaster Company
326th Airborne Engineer Battalion
326th Airborne Medical Company
101st Counter Intelligence Corps detachment
101st Airborne Division MP Platoon