Kota Alhambra ~ Cordoba ~ Andalusia... Sepanyol

anakencana

Masjid - dari arah kawasan kota lama.

[quote]Pembukaan Masjid Jami

anakencana

[quote]Ruang dewan solat di dalamnya di bina mihrab yang menyerupai mihrab Masjid Agung Cordoba yang kini telah bertukar menjadi gereja besar. Ukiran kalimah ayat suci al-Quran di atas panel kayu cedar (sejenis pohon) yang berasal dari Gunung Atlas menghiasi dewan solat masjid.

Terdapat juga jubin marmar disalut dengan pelbagai warna yang sama seperti yang terdapat di Masjid Al-Aqsa, Baitulmaqdis. Tingkap kiblat adalah replika daripada Masjid Biru di Istanbul manakala air pancut yang berada di halaman dalam bersebelahan dengan dewan solat dibina oleh pakar pertukangan dari Fez, Maghribi menurut seni reka bentuk Andalus yang diasaskan ribuan tahun silam.

Menara masjid yang digunakan oleh Muazin untuk melaungkan azan lima kali sehari dibina mengikut seni bina asli Albaicin. Di bawah cucur atap menara tertera tulisan kufi tentang deklarasi syahadah umat Islam iaitu 慣iada Tuhan selain Allah dan Muhammad adalah Rasulullah

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[quote]Walaupun penulis berasa kagum dengan seni bina Masjid Jami

anakencana

Jika perjalanan Barcelona - Granada ditemani keindahan sang suria tenggelam di pantai timur Sepanyol, perjalanan ke Granada - Cordoba ditemani keindahan terbitnya mentari menerpa ladang gandum dan zaitun di pegunungan Siera Nevada.

Cordoba (termasuk Sevilla, Jaen & Toledo) adalah kota penting di era kekuasaan Islam di Sepanyol. Dibangunkan  di zaman Romawi oleh kaisar Claudius, Cordoba berkembang menjadi kota bandar di bawah dinasti Umayyad (abad 8) dan kemudian menjadi khalifah di abad 10. Kota ini mencapai kemasyhurannya kala ia dijadikan ibukota khalifah Cordoba yang pada puncak kejayaannya di abad 10 menguasai hampir 70% Hispania (kawasan Sepanyol & Portugal).

Di era tersebut Cordoba menjelma menjadi kota metropolitan, seperti New York jika dibandingkan secara relatif terhadap kota2 lain ketika ini. Dengan jumlah penduduk sebanyak 500,000 orang, Cordoba telah pun mempunyai kemudahan hospital2, jalan2 utama dan sistem pengaliran yang berturap secara sistematik dan juga sebahagian besar penduduknya tinggal di kawasan perumahan awam yang teratur. Menurut fakta,pada era tersebut London dan Paris masih gelap gelita, malah sebahagian jalannya masih berlumpur serta penduduknya masih tinggal di penempatan yang daif .

Library ~ Andalusia

Peranan Cordoba pada abad pertengahan sangat vital (penting) kerana ia adalah peradaban yang menjadi jambatan yang menghubungkan zaman Romawi & Yunani dengan kebangkitan bangsa Eropah (renaissance). Pada masa itu ilmu pengetahuan serta agama hidup berdampingan. Karya-karya falsafah para ilmuan Yunani dan Romawi diterjemahkan ke bahasa Arab dan kemudian Latin. Para ilmuwan ini tidak hanya berasal dari kaum muslim..tetapi juga dari kaum Yahudi dan Kristian dan mereka diberi kebebasan meng"ekspresi" ilmu dan kreativiti memasing.

thessailly

best tul gambar2 dlm ni...terang dan jelas~

ni leh buat buku nih...

lizz_7777

Great Mosque of C髍doba




The Great Mosque of Cordoba was considered a wonder of the medieval world by both Muslims and Christians. Built on a Visigothic site, which was probably the site of an earlier Roman temple, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun between 784 and 786 during the reign of 'Abd al-Rahman I, who escaped from Syria to the Iberian Peninsula after his family was massacred by a rival political dynasty.



Floor plan




Interior view of the prayer hall, al-Mansur's addition



Edwin Lord Weeks ( 1849-1903) Interieur of the Mosque at Cordova

The mosque's hypostyle plan, consisting of a rectangular prayer hall and an enclosed courtyard, followed a tradition established in the Umayyad and Abbasid mosques of Syria and Iraq. However, the dramatic articulation of the interior of the prayer hall was unprecedented. The system of columns supporting double arcades of piers and arches with alternating red and white voussoirs is an unusual treatment that, structurally, combined striking visual effect with the practical advantage of providing greater height within the hall. Alternating red and white voussoirs are associated with Umayyad monuments such as the Great Mosque of Damascus and the Dome of the Rock. Their use in the Great Mosque of Cordoba manages to create a stunningly original visual composition even as it emphasises 'Abd al-Rahman's connection to the established Umayyad tradition.

[ Last edited by  lizz_7777 at 22-10-2008 07:14 PM ]

lizz_7777

Court of Oranges, water channels between trees



Court of Oranges, elevated view from north with courtyard portal to prayer hall



Interior view of the prayer hall


Though the mosque was expanded by later rulers (the most significant changes dating from the reigns of 'Abd al-Rahman II between 833-852, al-Hakam II between 961-976, and the vizier al-Mansur from 987), the basic formula of arcades with alternating voussoirs was maintained in each of the additions. The resulting vistas of columns and arcades that stretch into the dim recesses of the prayer hall create a mysterious space that is often described as a forest of stone. The comparison is heightened by rows of trees planted in the courtyard (Patio de las Naranjas or Court of the Oranges), which create a visual continuation of the rows of columns within the prayer hall.

[ Last edited by  lizz_7777 at 22-10-2008 07:30 PM ]

lizz_7777

Interior view of the maqsura, diagonal view looking southeast down qibla wall. Mihrab is seen at center.

Interior view of the maqsura; door to the right (west) of mihrab, or Bab al-Amir

Interior view of the maqsura; ribbed vault before door to the right (west) of mihrab (Bab al-Amir)

The most lavish interior ornament is concentrated in the maqsura, the prayer space reserved for the ruler, which was commissioned by the caliph al-Hakam II. The maqsura is visually separated from the rest of the prayer hall by screens formed of elaborate intersecting polylobed arcades, an elegant variation on the basic architectural theme set in the earliest incarnation of the mosque. These screens emphasise the special status of the space, which is composed of three domed bays in front of the mihrab. The mihrab was unprecedented for taking the form of an entire room rather than the traditional niche, and for being flanked by two rooms whose entrances are decorated with mosaics in a manner similar to that of the mihrab. The maqsura is lavishly decorated with carved marble, stucco, and elaborate mosaics. These, executed in intricate vegetal scroll forms and Kufic inscriptions, frame the mihrab, the two doors which flank it, and also cover the interiors of the maqsura's three domes. The unusual arrangement of the maqsura space may be read on several levels. It may reflect the appropriation of a tri-apsidal arrangement found in local church architecture (though emptied in its new context of Christian connotations). It has also been interpreted as an ideologically charged iconographic evocation of the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina that served to underscore notions of Umayyad religious and political authority.

[ Last edited by  lizz_7777 at 22-10-2008 08:40 PM ]

lizz_7777

Interior view of the sixteenth century chapel, showing Gothic vault carried on Umayyad arches

Interior view of the Royal Chapel (Capilla Real), showing zone of transition with ribbed vault

Interior view of the Villaviciosa Chapel (Capilla Villaviciosa), polylobed arches along wall

After conquering Cordoba in 1236, Ferdinand III king of Castile consecrated the Great Mosque as the city's cathedral. The Christian population of Cordoba used the former mosque with relatively minor changes for the next three hundred years. In the early 16th century the Bishop and Canons of the cathedral proposed the construction of a new cathedral, and proposed to demolish the mosque in order to build it. The opposition of the townspeople to the proposed destruction of the building led to the unprecedented decision, endorsed by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, to insert an entire Gothic "chapel" into the very heart of the former Great Mosque. The result is an uneasy and controversiol juxtaposition: the soaring forms of a Gothic cathedral rise from the very centre of the comparatively low, sprawling prayer hall whose architectural vocabulary is rooted in the forms of classical antiquity.


Sources:


Creswell, K.A.C.1989. "The Great Mosque of Cordova." A short account of early Muslim architecture, revised edition by James W. Allan. Aldershot: Scolar Press.


Dodds, Jerrilynn. 1992. "The Great Mosque of Cordoba." al-Andalus : the art of Islamic Spain. Edited by Jerrilynn D. Dodds. New York: Abrams,11-26.


Ettinghausen, Richard and Oleg Grabar. 1987. The Art and Architecture of Islam: 650-1250. London and N.Y.: Penguin, 127-140.


Khoury, Nuha. 1996. "The meaning of the Great Mosque of Cordoba in the tenth century. " Muqarnas 13, 80-98.

[ Last edited by  lizz_7777 at 22-10-2008 07:46 PM ]

pakupayung21

chanteknyaaaaa

stormyrain

teringin nak pergi

HangPC2

tak silap aku aku ada baca artikel kat majalah tentang Tuan Guru Nik Aziz dibenarkan sembahyang kat Masjid ini ntah aku tak pastilah...

silver_nano59

aku suka perkataan2 yg yg digunakan kat sini

codoba/cordova
al-hambra
andalusia
granada

mcm ada something dgn perkataan2 ni..

apa pun, tak pernah melawat sana lagi. tgu turn nak kesana lak, bila duit sudah byk

anakencana

...hakikatnya, di sinilah pernah terbinanya sebuah negara Islam terkuat di dunia.

Rupa-rupanya ada kisah yang menarik dan pahit terhadap umat Islam di sini. Mungkin ramai yang tak tahu atau menyedarinya, namun inilah hakikatnya...citer lebih lanjut pada nota yg dicopy

anakencana

katanyer..

::Kembara M Nasir Mencari Flamenco::

Destinasi...Dunia, yg disiarkan di Astro Ria merupakan sebuah travelog mengenai muzik yang menarik dan informatif. Rancangan ini cuba melihat seni muzik lebih dari sekadar hiburan biasa. M Nasir memberi ulasan tentang seni muzik lebih sebagai manifestasi budaya dan peradaban sesuatu bangsa.

...kita telah dibawa oleh M Nasir ke Madrid, Sepanyol. Kembara mencari muzik Sepanyol, terutamanya muzik flamenco. Kembara M Nasir kali ini singgah di Madrid melihat seni pembuatan gitar flamenco. Kayu disimpan selama 25 tahun untuk dibuat gitar yang dijual dengan harga puluhan ribu ringgit. Kita dibawa singgah di toko pembuat gitar terkemuka Sepanyol,Jose Romero yang juga membuat gitar untuk pemain gitar flamenco tersohor dunia, Paco de Lucia.

Paco De Lucia terkenal sebagai orang yang bertanggungjawab memberikan wajah baru kepada muzik flamenco. Eksperimen beliau dengan Cameron de La Isla telah mempopularkan muzik flamenco di serata dunia, dengan nama New Flamenco yang lebih segar tetapi masih asli. Genre muzik ini telah dipopularkan kemudiannya oleh Gipsy Kings dari Perancis, dan diberi sentuhan pop oleh pemuzik terkemudian seperti Armik, Ottmar Liebert dan lain-lain.

Mendengar petikan gitar flamenco mendatangkan satu rasa yang lain. Rasa bagai mendengar satu genre muzik yang hampir dengan kita. Ada jiwa dan rasa muzik timur tengah. Kalau diteliti, muzik dan lagu flamenco mirip lagu ghazal dan seperti bunyi orang meratib dan merintih. Adakah itu rintihan umat Islam di Andalus yang telah diperlakukan dengan kejam oleh pemerintahan kejam Kristian Ortodoks di Andalus?

[ Last edited by  anakencana at 23-10-2008 01:48 PM ]

anakencana

makasih..sharing is caring konsepnyer...:handshake:

Ikutkan fakta sebenar"... Pengaruh Islam dan Arab memang kuat terhadap tamadun dunia. Malah orang Islam di Andalus telah mengeluarkan Eropah dari Zaman Kegelapan" dan Islam juga mewarisi tradisi ilmu Yunani.

Justeru...kisah Clash of Civilizations hanya satu khayalan Huttington dan Lewis yang mabuk dengan idea-idea besar, kerana kalau dikaji, rumpun tamadun Kristian/Yahudi/Islam sama.

Kalau adapun perbezaan ketara antara tamadun dunia, mungkin di antara tamadun Cina/Jepun dengan tamadun semitik. Itu pun, pergeseran tak mungkin berlaku kecuali jika ada perebutan kuasa kerana tamadun Jepun dan China adalah jenis yang eksklusif, iaitu ia tidak diperkembangkan luar dari kelompok...

The narrow pedestrian street, Calderia Nueva, was lined with Moroccan tea houses where you could drink tea and smoke a hookah, Lebanese, Moroccan, and Syrian restaurants, and shops selling spices, Middle Eastern food products, and the ubiquitous lanterns, pointy shoes and belly dancing gear. Still, it was all fascinating to us..

[ Last edited by  anakencana at 23-10-2008 05:24 PM ]

lizz_7777

Very touching.

anakencana

mudah2an niat tu tercapai jua..insyallah kann.. ader rezeki nanti...


Albaicin... penempatan lama masyarakat Arab


..senibina Moorish di Sevilla

stormyrain

bukankah di alhamra ni juga bermula kisah Isabella ?

tasyha3

very nice info