[EDISI SEMASA] Memahami Kesan Radiasi Kebocoran Nuklear Fukushima

dauswq

West Coast officials, Obama: Don't worry about radiation risk n U.S.

  By  Elizabeth Landau, CNN


March 17, 2011 9:58 p.m. EDT

   

  
(CNN) -- Instead of worrying about the unlikely event of harmful radiation drifting from Japan, Californians should focus on preparing for earthquakes and other emergencies common in their own state, officials said.

Radiation from the tsunami-damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan will dissipate over the more than 5,000 miles separating it from the California, but eventually it may be detected in small, non-harmful amounts, said Dr. Howard Backer, interim director of the state Department of Public Health.

"We do not anticipate any amounts of radiation that will cause any health effects," Backer said Thursday.
In Washington, President Barack Obama went further in telling Americans not to worry.

"Whether it's the West Coast, Hawaii, Alaska or U.S. territories in the Pacific, we do not expect harmful levels of radiation," Obama said. "That's the judgment of our Nuclear Regulatory Commission and many other experts."

There has been no detection of elevated levels of radiation on the West Coast, and experts say there is no way to predict how long it would take for radiation drifts to cross the Pacific. Even if that happens, the amount may be too small to be detected, experts said.

Because of the way the radiation would likely travel, it would take "days" to reach the United States, and would probably first be detected in Alaska.

"There's no marker that we can follow to know if any minimal radiation reaches the West Coast," Backer said.

Meanwhile, some drugstores in California are running out of potassium iodide, which prevents some of radioactive iodine's harm to the thyroid. State health officials don't know how many people are preventatively taking potassium iodide, but they strongly discourage taking the medicine. It carries its own side effects, especially for people who have allergies to iodine, shellfish or who have thyroid problems.

Potassium iodide is part of the planning in communities around nuclear power plants in the state of California, in case of emergency, but will not be necessary in the U.S. for radiation from Japan, Backer said.

Rather than going out and getting potassium iodide, Backer said, Californians should buy a three- to five-day supply of food and water so that when their earthquake-prone state has its next temblor, they can be self-sufficient.

California has eight monitoring stations for radiation in addition to the Environmental Protection Agency's air-monitoring sites. The public will be updated about radiation levels, officials said.

And although radiation may get into ocean water drifting from Japan, there are no concerns about surfers or bathers at California's beaches, said Dr. Jonathan Fielding, director of the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. The radiation will disperse so quickly that there will not be a significant increase of radioactive material in seafood either, Backer said
On a national level, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is collecting information on all food products regulated by the agency that are exported to the U.S. from Japan, the FDA said. This is being done so that the agency can evaluate whether these products will pose a risk to consumers in the future.

The FDA is not concerned about the safety of food products from Japan that have already been distributed, the agency said. The FDA already screens imports and is monitoring for any trace of increased radiation in imported products.

"The biggest health impact is the psychological impact," Fielding said.

dauswq

sebenarnya nak point out di sini adalah kesan radiasi kebocoran janakuasa nuklear Fukushima tidaklah boleh membawa bahaya kpd penduduk yg tggl beribu batu dari Japan shg boleh menyebabkan kanser pada jangka masa panjang...

Yang patut dikasihi penduduk Jepun yg tinggal di Tokyo..
kerana kebarangkalian untuk mereka terdedah dengan radiasi adalah amat tinggi...

Kadar radiasi yg selamat untuk manusia adalah 2.4 mSv/yr...

dauswq

Berikut adalah isotop yg terlepas dr janakuasa nuklear Fukushima yg boleh menyebabkan gangguan kpd kesihatan manusia:



1.  Iodine-131 : apabila anda menghidu udara yg mengandungi isotop ini, secara tdk langsung throid akn menyerap dan menyebabkan kanser...cara untuk mengatasi adalah makan Kalium Iodida untuk meneutralisasikan kesan kimia pembentukan kanser..

http://www.nytimes.com/imagepage ... ioactivitytest.html









2.    Caesium-137: mudah reput menghasilkan gelombang beta/gamma..gelombang beta/gamma spt X-ray menyebabkn sel mudah bermutasi dan kanser terhasil ...Diatasi dengan treatment Prussian Blue









3.      Strontium-90: mudah menyerap masuk ke dalam tulang lalu menyebabkan kanser tulang atau leukimia...tiada treatment setakat ini kecuali dengan keupayaan sel putih badan~









4.      Plutonium: Kadar pereputan (half-life) sangat-sangat lambat tetapi paling merbahaya berbanding isotop di atas, berharap tiada bombardment dengan mana-mana partikel (neutrino/muon ect) yg boleh menyebabkan perlepasan gelombang gamma, beta, alpha jadi leih cepat....pernafasan sebanyak 0.09 mg boleh menyebabkan 100% peluang untuk mati~

http://www.npr.org/2011/03/16/13 ... for-concern?ps=cprs

dauswq

ISU 1

Kesan radiasi yg amat kecil tidak menyebabkan pembentukan kanser scr mendadak shg boleh mengurangkan "life span" ...



cth: korang makan pisang ari-ari , korang akn terdedah kpd kesan radiasi pisang kerana pisang mengandungi isotop Potassium-40...

isotop Potassium-40 mereput menghasilkn gelombang beta dengan kadar reputan separa sebanyak ~1000 tahun...does it mean korang pun terdedah gak dengan kanser wlpn amat kecil bilangan beta emisiion dlm masa bbrp tahun? ade org mati makan pisang sbb kanser?

kesimpulannya, kadar perlepasan isotop ini dari Fukushima ke Malaysia tidaklah merbahaya kerana kebarangkalian untuk menghasilkn radiasi adalh sgt kecil....so tak perlu risau sgt bhn radiasi nuklear Fukushima yg merebak ke Malaysia pd jangka masa tertentu nanti~

dauswq

ISU 2




Adakah hujan asid mudah terhasil daripada bahan radiasi????
Adakah produk hujan asid adalah beradiasi kpd manusia?


Pertama sekali kena faham apa maksud hujan asid..hujan berasid datangnya dari sumber "berasid"

Hujan asid secara semulajadi adalah berasid. Ini disebabkan air hujan yang turun akan bergabung dengan karbon dioksida dan gas-gas berasid yang terdapat di atmosfera. Bagaimanapun, disebabkan pada masa kini, penggunaan tenaga elektrik dan kereta telah menyebabkan bahan api fossil di bakar dalam jumlah yang banyak. Pembakaran bahan api fossil seperti minyak dan arang batu oleh logi tenaga dan dari ekzos kenderaan membebaskan berjuta-juta ton sulfur dioksida dan nitrogen oksida ke udara. Bahan pencemar ini disebarkan oleh angin dan akan bergabung dengan titisan air yang turun sebagai air hujan lalu membentuk asid sulfurik dan asid nitrik.

Keasidan cecair ialah ukuran kepekatan ion hidrogen. Biasanya keasidan cecair dinyatakan dalam sebutan pH yang mempunyai skala 0 hingga 14: pH kurang daripada 7 adalah berasid, pH 7 adalah neutral dan pH yang melebihi 7 adalah alkali. Contoh air hujan yang bersih yang diambil daripada lokasi bersih seperti di pulau terpencil didapati bernilai antara 5.6 dan 6.0. Secara amnya, air hujan dengan pH kurang dari 5.6 dianggap berasid.

Hujan asid yang turun ke bumi akan terkumpul menjadi pemendapan berasid. Ini berlaku apabila asid terkumpul dan menjadi semakin pekat. Asid yang terlalu pekat boleh menyebabkan tumbuh-tumbuhan dan hidupan di dalam tasik mati, bangunan dan batu menjadi lemah dan rapuh, warna bangunan, kereta dan lain-lain menjadi pudar, mudah rosak, dan cepat berkarat. Selain itu, hujan asid juga merosakkan kesihatan manusia terutama mereka yang masih muda, golongan tua, dan mereka yang berpenyakit seperti mengidap asma.

Isotop-sotop spt Iodine-137, caesium-131 dan lain2 memerlukan ikatan kimia dengan mana2 atom supaya ia mudah dissolute dalam air bagi menghasilkn hujan asid...dan adakah pembentukan Hidrogen Iodida, misalnya bakal menyebabkan anda terkena radiasi? Paling teruk pun kesan akibat hujan asid, bukan sbb radiasi...

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By Helen Flores – The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) yesterday dismissed reports circulating via text message that the Philippines will be affected by a radiation leak from earthquake-damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan.

Science Secretary Mario Montejo said the level of radiation in the environment in the country has remained stable since the Fukushima incident.

“No increase in radiation level means that, as of the moment, there are no immediate effects of the Fukushima nuclear power plant explosion to the Philippines,” Montejo said.

According to the text message that quoted the British Broadcasting Co. (BBC), “Radiation may hit the Phil. Starting 4 p.m. today (Monday).”

“The explosion (at the Japanese nuclear plant) happened last Saturday, the critical period is one to two days,” he said, adding “it was a small radiation leak.”

Montejo said the DOST’s Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) is closely monitoring developments through its 24-hour linkup with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

PNRI Director Alumanda de la Rosa also cited a plume trajectory study provided by Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (Pagasa) showing that the plume from the site of the incident at Fukushima will not pass the Philippine territory as of March 14.

“The direction of the smoke appears to go away from the direction of the country,” De la Rosa said. “The smoke is carried away by the northeast monsoon (amihan).”

Containment remains intact at the Fukushima Daiichi Units 1, 2 and 3, according to Montejo, quoting reports from the IAEA.

“The design of the Fukushima reactor is different from that of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (in Russia),” Montejo said. “In the event of a meltdown at Fukushima, the melted fuel is expected to stay within the stainless steel containment dome, preventing its release to the environment.”

The Chernobyl power plant did not have a reactor building concrete shield and steel containment, he added.

Montejo also explained that the explosion at the Unit 1 reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi plant occurred outside the primary containment vessel (PCV), not inside.

The plant operator, Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO), has confirmed that the integrity of the primary containment vessel remains intact, Montejo said.

To limit damage to the reactor core, Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) approved the pumping of seawater mixed with boric acid into the primary containment vessel. Boric acid absorbs neutrons to prevent reactor criticality.

NISA has likewise confirmed the presence of radioactive elements cesium-137 and iodine-131 in the vicinity of Fukushima Daiichi Unit 1. NISA reported an initial increase in levels of radioactivity around the plant earlier today, but these levels have been observed to lessen in recent hours.

The PNRI’s National Radiological Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan had put in place an organized emergency response facility for a timely, coordinated action of Philippine authorities in the event of a radiological emergency, De la Rosa said.

“The PNRI is closely monitoring developments at Fukushima every six hours and maintains a 24-hour linkup with the IAEA,” she said.

The World Health Organization (WHO) yesterday assured the people that the partial meltdown at the two nuclear reactors in Japan does not pose an immediate threat to the Philippines.

In a press conference at the Department of Health (DOH), WHO country representative Dr. Soe Nyunt-U said “even within Japan, there is minimal effect of radiation.”

Soe maintained that for one, the wind direction is not going to the Philippines.

“The direction of the movement of the radioactive materials (is dependent) on wind direction. It is very good to know that the prevailing wind condition is from the Philippines to Japan. Even if things happen, the radioactive materials will not come to the Philippines,” he added.

Health Undersecretary Mario Villaverde echoed this, citing a report of the DOST’s Philippine Nuclear Research Institute that “the level of radiation in the country has remained stable since the Fukushima incident (meltdown) in Japan.”

“The conclusion is that there is no immediate threat to the Philippines. Just in case, we have the National Radiological Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan and this will be the one that will be put in place if there is a threat to the Philippines,” Villaverde added.

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) urged the public to ignore rumors about the radioactive materials from Japan reaching the Philippines.

NDRRMC executive director Benito Ramos said the people should verify the information they get from experts such as scientists from the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute.

“They should not immediately believe the information relayed to them… They should get the information from the authorities,” Ramos said.

Nuclear scare suspends classes at PUP

The warning of nuclear radiation from Japan caused panic among parents and students of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) in Manila and the school’s other campuses in Luzon that forced school officials to suspend classes.

Dr. Dante Guevarra, PUP president, said that he saw no need to keep the students in school since they could not concentrate anyway.

“There is so much anxiety among the students. They were also passing the word around (about the text message warning) so we decided it was better to suspend classes,” Guevarra told The STAR.

Guevarra said tension at the campus started as early as 7:30 a.m. when they started getting calls inquiring about the text messages.

“We were being swamped by calls, by texts,” Guevarra said.

The order for the suspension of classes at the PUP – which has a total student population of 65,000 in all its campuses in Luzon, while its main campus in Santa Mesa, Manila, has a population of 37,000 – came at 1:30 p.m.

Cristina Ganzon, Department of Education Communication Unit chief, said they saw no need to suspend classes after a DOST advisory was released denying any danger of radiation from Japan.

“As advised by the Department of Science and Technology, there is no need to suspend classes based on the allegations circulating in text messages about rains that can burn or cause cancer,” Ganzon said.

Meanwhile, warnings of acid rain from the nuclear fallout from Japan have forced officials of some elementary schools to suspend classes and let the school children go home in Bangued, Abra.

“My daughter went home pale because of fear from the radiation that will come at 4 p.m.,” Department of Justice-Abra administrative officer Jack Turqueza said.

Pagasa however denied reports that there will be “acid rain” in the Philippines supposedly because of radioactive clouds from Japan.

“The winds from Japan are moving away from us. It’s not true that these winds contain acid rain,” Pagasa weather forecaster Aldczar Aurelio said in a radio interview.

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology also allayed fears of a tsunami following the strong aftershock that hit Japan yesterday.

Phivolcs Director Renato Solidum said that even if there were an aftershock measuring up to magnitude 7.5, it could not generate a tsunami that can affect the Philippines.

“We have received many inquiries on whether there is a tsunami warning in the Philippines. We have to stress the official warning can come only from us,” Solidum said.

The Department of Foreign Affairs had advised Filipinos near the damaged Fukushima nuclear plant to move away from the area to avoid exposure to radiation.

DFA also reported that the Philippine Permanent Mission to the United Nations and other international organizations in Vienna said the IAEA based in Vienna is monitoring the situation at the nuclear power plants in Japan that have been affected by the earthquake and tsunami.– With Jess Diaz, Rhodina Villanueva, Sheila Crisostomo, Pia Lee-Brago, Alexis Romero, Artemio Dumlao, Roel Pareño, AP

dauswq

saya mohon pakar sains CARI Forum juga berkongsi maklumat

dauswq

adekah penduduk Malaysia berebut mau dptkn Kalium Iodida di farmasi2 terdekat jika berlaku kekalutan lagik pd masa akn dtg?

travel-lover

terima kasih kerana berkongsi info..

amyhisashi

nnt aku nak share kat fesbuk aku...

seroja

makceh kaka dauss..

sevenoctober

Radiation is invisible. You cannot taste it, smell it or feel it. It's not possible to directly measure the amount of radiation exposure a person has had. When you see people with Geiger counters checking a site like Fukushima Daiichi, they're measuring contamination, which generally refers to actual radioactive particles.

sevenoctober

There are four main types of ionizing radiation:

--Alpha particles: relatively heavy, cannot penetrate human skin or clothing, but can be harmful if they get into the body in another manner.

--Beta radiation: can cause skin injury and is harmful to the body internally.

--Gamma rays: high-energy invisible light that can damage tissue and is most dangerous to humans.

--X-rays: also high-energy invisible light that can damage tissue and is very dangerous to humans.

sevenoctober

Levels of radiation exposure:

--An average person receives about 3.1 millisieverts per year from natural sources.

--A person in the U.S. typically receives a total of 6.2 millisieverts because of medical diagnostic procedures and other man-made sources of radiation.

--A chest X-ray delivers a dose of about .02 millisieverts of radiation.

--A CT scan to the abdomen delivers about 8 millisieverts of radiation.

--Japanese officials say they had measured radiation rates of up to 400 millisieverts per hour between reactor units No. 3 and No. 4, according to the IAEA.

dauswq

Reply 13# sevenoctober

thx for sharing info..

tp lebih baik berbhs melayu...

chewan

saya mohon pakar sains CARI Forum juga berkongsi maklumat
dauswq Post at 18-3-2011 12:49

    koser nk review paper bagai

budingyun

chewan cepat review

ZabedAmin

apa objektif thread nie??? last2 sape je yg baca?? apa leraning outcome thread nie???

chewan

just wanna share this useful article

http://systemicformulasmedia.com ... search_Report_5.pdf

this part shown level of sensitivity of nuclear radiation in over body system

chewan

The level of the effects of radiation on living organisms differs greatly depending on the length of time, whether a short period or continuously over a long period, of exposure to the same degree of radiation. For example, the minimum level of radiation reported thus far in the research literature that is recognized to be the cause of cancer is 100mSv under the single exposure conditions of Hiroshima or Nagasaki, while, in the case of long-term exposure, the occurrence of cancer is not recognized until the level reaches almost 500mSv.

chewan

Reply 1# dauswq