new archeological kat utara & selatan india lepas Toba volcanic ditemui!

amazed

Tuesday February 23, 2010

New archeological sites reveal life after ancient Toba eruption

LONDON: Newly discovered archaeological sites in southern and northern India have revealed how people lived before and after the colossal Toba volcanic eruption 74,000 years ago, according to Press Trust of India (PTI) on Tuesday.

The international and multidisciplinary research team, led by Oxford University in collaboration with Indian institutions, has uncovered what it calls 'Pompeii-like excavations' beneath the Toba ash.

The seven-year project examines the environment that humans lived in, their stone tools, as well as the plants and animal bones of the time.

"This suggests that human populations were present in India prior to 74,000 years ago, or about 15,000 years earlier than expected based on some genetic clocks," said project director Michael Petraglia, Senior Research Fellow in the School of Archaeology at the University of Oxford.

The team has concluded that many forms of life survived the super-eruption, contrary to other research that has suggested significant animal extinctions and genetic bottlenecks.

According to the team, a potentially ground-breaking implication of the new work is that the species responsible for making the stone tools in India was Homo sapiens.

Stone tool analysis has revealed that the artefacts consist of cores and flakes, which are classified in India as Middle Palaeolithic and are similar to those made by modern humans in Africa.

"Though we are still searching for human fossils to definitively prove the case, we are encouraged by the technological similarities.

Toba is in the island of Sumatra in Indonesia and an area of widespread speculation about the Toba super-eruption is that it nearly drove humanity to extinction.

The fact that the Middle Palaeolithic tools of similar styles are found right before and after the Toba super-eruption, suggests that the people who survived the eruption were the same populations, using the same kinds of tools, says Petraglia.

The research agrees with evidence that other human ancestors, such as the Neanderthals in Europe and the small brained Hobbits in Southeastern Asia, continued to survive well after Toba.

Although some scholars have speculated that the Toba volcano led to severe and wholesale environmental destruction, the Oxford-led research in India suggests that a mosaic of ecological settings was present, and some areas experienced a relatively rapid recovery after the volcanic event.

The team has not discovered much bone in Toba ash sites, but in the Billasurgam cave complex in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, the researchers have found deposits which they believe range from at least 100,000 years ago to the present.

They contain a wealth of animal bones such as wild cattle, carnivores and monkeys.

They have also identified plant materials in the Toba ash sites and caves, yielding important information about the impact of the Toba super-eruption on the ecological settings. - Bernama

cruz_lucario

Wow!!!!!!!!!!!

What a discovery!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

phiyya

toba ni yg lake toba tu ke??

alphawolf

Ramai tak tau yang Tasik Toba tu sebenarnya kawah gergasi...dan letupan Toba 74000 tahun dulu amat memusnahkan.....

dinotunder

ada pic x???

kalu ada tepek laa kt cni nk nengok....

emiryn_darling

info menarik...a'a..xde supporting pic kew

agydeyn

betul ke air tasik toba acidic?

phiyya

toba ni from what i read blum mati lagi kn?
huuu
toba and krakatoa,letupan dua2 ni sgt2lah menakutkn scale of destruction dia
and due2 dekat dgn malaysia!!!!!

phiyya

alphawolf

7# agydeyn

Biasanya tasik kawah ni acidic sebab gas karbon dioksida dan sulfur dioksida. Tapi kena ingat walaupun acidic, KEPEKATAN dia amat rendah...jadi takdo la kita mencair bila masuk dalam tasik tu...hehehe

alphawolf

toba ni from what i read blum mati lagi kn?
huuu
toba and krakatoa,letupan dua2 ni sgt2lah menakutkn scale of destruction dia
and due2 dekat dgn malaysia!!!!!
phiyya Post at 25-2-2010 00:20

Kalau ikut saintis..memang Toba ni masih hidup...Pulau Samosir tu sendiri menunjukkan peningkatan magma di bawah kawah Toba.

Dan pasal kedua2 letusan tu....ikut index skala letusan(VEI), Krakatoa pada VEI 6 manakala Toba pada VEI 8. Ikut skala ni Toba 100 kali lebih kuat dari Toba. Dari segi impak pula, Krakatoa lebih bersifat regional...tsunami yang terhasil membunuh penduduk Jawa dan Sumatera sahaja manakala Toba pula memburukkan lagi Zaman Ais.

Dan sebut pasal Malaysia...Malaysia tak terjejas sangat masa Krakatau....tapi ditenggelami abu sedalam 9m akibat Toba!

phiyya

even kt india pun abu smpai bermeter2 jugak kn??

alphawolf

Yang kat India lagi dalam kot? Sebab angin hala ke sana